Acid-Base Titration

Titration determines an unknown concentration by reacting it completely with a solution of known concentration. The heart of the calculation is the equivalence point, where the moles of the two reactants are stoichiometrically balanced: M1·V1 = M2·V2 for a 1:1 reaction.

Working Through the Math

First convert the known acid volume to liters and multiply by molarity to get moles of acid. Apply the reaction stoichiometry (the acid:base ratio) to find the moles of base required, then divide by the base molarity to get the volume needed. This calculator performs all three steps at once.

Beyond 1:1 Reactions

Polyprotic acids change the picture: sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) donates two protons, so neutralizing it with a monobasic base like NaOH needs a 1:2 acid:base ratio. Entering the correct ratio in the acid:base field keeps the equivalence-point math exact for diprotic and tribasic systems.